Hysterectomy procedures

HYSTERECTOMY PROCEDURES
Hysterectomy has long been the most commonly used method of surgically treating women for gynaecological problems such as excessive menstrual bleeding and chronic pelvic pain. Recent years have seen both numerous changes in the way that hysterectomies are performed, and a variety of new techniques (described in the previous chapter) that are challenging its dominance.
Types of hysterectomy. The term ‘hysterectomy’ originates from the Greek words hystera, meaning uterus, and ektome, to cut out. The earliest hysterectomies on record were performed about 1600 years ago in Greece and, despite high death rates until last century, the procedure is still carried out. There are four basic types of hysterectomy.
Total hysterectomy. A total hysterectomy refers to removal of the entire uterus including the cervix, together with its supporting ligaments, while leaving the Fallopian tubes and ovaries in place.
Total hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy. A total hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy entails removing the uterus with cervix and support ligaments, together with one or both sets of ovaries and Fallopian tubes. If both sets are removed the operation is called a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Subtotal (or partial) hysterectomy. A subtotal (or partial) hysterectomy involves removal of the upper two-thirds of the uterus only. The cervix is left intact, along with the Fallopian tubes and ovaries.

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