Skin care: sun and solarium damage - tanning

SKIN CARE: SUN AND SOLARIUM DAMAGE - TANNING
Melanin, the pigment protein, is formed In specialized cells found in the basal layer (growth area) of the epidermis. This melanin, which is what gives skin its colour, also protects the skin to a certain extent from sunburn by absorbing sunlight. It does not however protect the skin from chronic sun exposure, which may result in serious damage. The harmful effects of sunlight are due not only to ultraviolet radiation A and B. but also to infra-red waves (heat) and visible light, which have recently been shown to activate and augment the effect of the ultraviolet.
Following sun exposure, and exposure to UV radiation in particular, immediate and then, later, long-term effects will appear. The most immediate and obvious result is redness, which will proceed to burning, blistering, and peeling if exposure is prolonged, or will fade if exposure is terminated. If this is repeated without over-exposure, pigmentation or tanning will take place. Initially, what is termed immediate tanning occurs. This is transient, and is due to oxidation of the skin's existing melanin. It is produced mainly by UV A radiation. True tanning, which takes much longer but which persists for weeks, involves the formation of new melanin. This is produced mainly by UVB radiation.

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